SECTION B: SECONDARY
ENGINEERING
INSTRUCTORS:
ENGR UMAIR
SAMI
ENGR FARAZ
SECONDARY
ENGINEERING: SCOPE OF WORK
General
Secondary
Engineering design department is another sub department of HSS. This has many
major task of work. This department collects the basic layouts data from
primary department and that handles the controlling,
The major work of secondary department comprises of;
1)
Protection.
2)
Controlling.
3)
Metering.
For protection they use protections cores of CT’s
& PT’s. For metering they use metering cores of CT’s & PT’s as the CT
PT made up of three cores namely protection core, isolation core and metering
core.
For
protection purposes they use CIRCUIT BREAKERS CB, RELAYS & DISCONNECTORS
DC.
a)
PROTECTION
METHODS:
i) GENERAL:
The protection system shall together with
the circuit breakers, Disconnect faulty parts of the power to:
a)
Protect
the primary equipment against unnecessary damages.
b)
Save
people in the vicinity of the electrical plant from injuries.
c)
Enable
continued service in the undamaged parts of the network.
The protection of the primary equipment must
involve not only the faulty parts but also the other equipment is the network.
The electrical fault damages in the
electrical environment can be caused by heat radiation, induction rise of the
potential etc .The protection of the people and plant must satisfy the main
requirement decided by the authorities.
ii)
OPERATING CONDITIONS OF POWER SYSTEM:
From
the protection relay point of view the most important operation conditions can
be clarified and connected.
NORMAL
OPERATION;
Under normal operation condition the power plant fulfills its duties and
all consumers will receive both normal voltages and frequency.
ABNORMAL OPERATION;
Under abnormal operation condition all consumers will be fed with
voltages and frequency which can be abnormal.
Equipment parts of the plant can be stressed out of limits values.
FAULT
CONDITION;
Under fault
conditions the power plant is usually not able to fulfill its function as
supplier’s energy of acceptance quality to the consumers.
iii)
REQUIREMENT
ON PROTECTION SYSTEM:
A
basic requirement on the protection equipment is that it will clear the fault
with efficient speed to limit the consequent damages in the plant; further the
fault clearance must be quick enough to avoid a total or partial, power network
collapse.
a)
Sensitivity;
One requirement is insurance of a
sufficient sensitivity to detect all possible shunt and series fault. This also
includes possible high resistive faults occurring a earth faults.
b)
Reliability;
The operation
capability of the protection is summarized in reliability which includes both
the security in faults clearance and the security against undesired clearance
examples of factors what influences the reliability are;
i)
The
protection system.
ii)
The
principles of measuring.
iii)
Environment.
iv)
The
setting of the protection relays.
v)
The
maintenance.
iv)
LINE PROTECTION:
The
number of line faults will thus be very high compared with the total number of
faults in the whole power system. Therefore the line protection is one of the
most important protection systems in the whole power system.
Persistent
Faults;
This fault caused by
the broken conductors, a falling tree, mechanically damaged insulators etc
B)
CONTROLLING:
In controlling they
handle the controlling of breakers and relays means when to use the bus bar by
connecting and disconnecting the switch of breaker.
Isolators
and disconnectors are offload devices while the breaker can operate in on load
or offload both
.Controlling
of these devices is very important otherwise the further equipment in the bus
bar schemes may damage
In
controlling they use breakers, overload and under load current relays.
For
controlling they use interlocking of breakers and relays. Interlocking means
when the breaker fuses it will automatically disclosing the disconnecting
switches.
The
controlling work mainly in the control building of the switchyard where the
panels of breakers and relays are placed and bus bars schemes are drawn on the
panels, these panels are attached with CT & PT and there interlocking is
with the panel in CB. So that the user can handle through the control building.
c)
METERING:
For metering the metering cores of current
and potential transformers are used. The readings are to be taken from enter
meter placed in control building.
METERING CORES;
To protect
instrument and meters from high fault currents the metering cores must be
saturated 10-40 times the rated current depending of the type of burden
normally the energy meters have the lowest withstand capability.
SELECTION OF CT CORES;
Some
general guidelines for selecting current transformer cores, for metering and
protection purposes, can be given.
i)
The
primary rated current is selected to be 10-40% higher than the object rated
current. This always gives a high resolution of the metering equipment and
instruments.
ii)
For
the protection cores it can be of interest to have the highest possible ratio
as this gives the least requirements of core data. The modern have wide
measuring ranges.
iii)
A
primary or secondary tap to get several ratios can be useful in metering cores.
SECTION
C: PROJECT PROCUREMENT
PTD-HSS
INSTRUCTORS:
MR ALTAF AHMAD NIZAMANI
ENGR FAHAD GHANI
1.
PURPOSE:To
define systematic procedure for executing a project from order receipt to
completion of order.
2.
SCOPE:
This procedure applies to all operations/functions
involved during project management for the scope pertaining to civil,
mechanical, electrical and energy & automation covering all the regulatory/
statutory requirements.
3.
DEFINITION:
i)
Project;
A set of coordinated activities, with a
specific start and finish, pursuing a specific goal with constraints on time,
cost and resources.
ii) Project Management;
It
is the discipline of defining and achieving targets while optimizing the use of
resource (time, money, people etc.)
iii) Project Management Triangle;
A
project has 3 element time, cost and quality. The aspect of quality refers to
costumer satisfaction.
4.
PROCEDURE:
a)
Pre-Acquisition
Phase;
The respective BM (HSS-PAK &OS) shall
ensure involvement of SPM/ PRM in business plan for upcoming projects.
The SPM/PRM based on business plan in
consultation with PRC shall formulate procurement plan and determine commodity
wise procurement volumes.
CM’s will source the vendor/ Suppliers
and pre quality them in order to enhance the data base of approved suppliers.
b)
Acquisition
Phase;
PPM-Proposal shall summarize on the
applicable form and forward the complete scope of suppliers & services
along with specifications, addendums (if ant0 and other relevant documents to
respective PRM/ CM’s.
The CM’s as per their commodities, shall review the scope of suppliers/ services
to acquaint themselves pertaining to project requirements.
In case of any ambiguity in scope of
suppliers/ services, the CM’s in consultation with PPM-Proposal shall seek
clarification from costumer/ consultants.
5. OBJECTIVES:
… Introduction and
implementation of Strategic Procurement which includes analyzing the demand,
market and suppliers, determining and implementing a structured set of actions
which contribute to the project result.
… Sustainable increase in competitiveness of
HSS projects, through the optimum procurement of project material and services,
the early involvement of procurement in the projects, and consequently the
increased chance of receiving orders and improved project results
… Cost reduction for material and services.
… Continuous improvement of procurement
processes.
PROCUREMENT: SCOPE OF WORK
1.
PURPOSE, GENERAL AND INFORMATION:
The procurement guideline sets out the
organization and structures of PTD-HSS procurement and defines the
responsibilities and rules governing collaboration on a binding basis.
The gol of procurement organization is to
focus on:
…
Costreduction for
material and services.
… Continuous improvement of procurement
processes.
… Target implementation through support of headquarters
(PTD H GP)
This guideline introduces the systematic
procedure of strategic procurement which includes analyzing the demand, market
and suppliers, determining and implementing a structured set of actions which
contribute to the project result.
2. REFERENCES:
Basis for procurement is the “Global
Procurement Policy” and the procurement process house of Siemens AG
These guidelines are design in accordance to
PM@ siemens, and the Siemens PTD QM- guidelines. “Purchasing in Projects” in
order to secure the continued and early involvement of the procurement
departments in generating bids and handling of projects.
3. RESPONSIBILITIES:
i) Procurement Department:
Is
responsible for optimization of requirements and costs of material and services
for projects, and id process owner for all activities, such as
1
Procurement strategies.
2
Procurement Planning.
3
Queries/ Price information tools.
4 Bid
evaluation.
5
Negotiations.
6
Contracts/ contract management (with the support of contract Manager.
7
Supplier decisions.
8 Order management.
9 Supplier management.
10 Lessons Learned within project procurement.
11 Claim management towards suppliers (within
the support of Claim Manager.
12
Determination
of process including interfaces to other parties and determination of
deliverables for each process step.
ii)
Project
and Proposal Management:
Is
responsible for the integration of procurement in the form of PPM during bidding and project handling
phase, and enabling access to project data.
iii)
HSS
Management:
Is
responsible for decisions in case of internal disagreement about procurement
related topics that would need to be escalated. HSS Management is solely
entitled to deliver waivers from process; or to sanction any deviation from the
procurement guidelines.
iv)
Roles
in Procurement:
Procurement
in HSS is executed in collaboration of three main functions: Commodity Manager
(CM), Project Procurement Manager (PRM), and Procurement Controller, and with
the support of the designated Procurement Manager Region (PMR) from
headquarters (PTD H GP).
V) Commodity Manager (CM):
He
is a material expert, who ensures strategic procurement for the assigned
material fields. He is responsible to identify synergies and pooling potential
and ensure that any opportunity for pooling.
vi) Project Procurement Manager (PPM):
He
cares for early and continuous involvement of procurement in his projects. As
integral part of his task and activities, he is:
1. Responsible to manage all
procurement related issues in the project.
2. Interface towards Bid/ Project
Manager.
3. Review of project pipeline with
sales management.
4. Execution of all activities in
the project management process, to achieve project goals.
vii) Procurement Controller (PC):
He
creates the basis for goal- and result oriented procurement control through the
implementation of controlling. He is responsible for obtaining and
communicating the required procurement data transparency. He coordinates the
contribution of the procurement organization to the process of BU Business
Target Agreement (CNI forecast).
His
task and activities include:
1.
Making
Procurement Volumes transparent i.e broken down per detailed material field.
2.
Controlling
and documentation of CNI: recording the achievement of procurement success
after negotiation in the MPS tool.
viii) Code of Conduct:
1. Interest of Siemens AG regarded with all
business undertakings and the procurement policy that has been introduced by
Siemens embraced wholehearted.
2. Confidential supplier information must be
respected.
3. The HSS procurement employees must not
engage in exerting any ethical influence on the business partner. The
procurement employees must follow Siemens Business Conduct Guidelines at all
times.
4. Procurement department shall integrate its
procurement know- how openly and without reservation into the PTD Procurement
Network.
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